Webinario: Patógenos en los bancos de sangre (29/3/2011)
Publicado: 14 Mar 2011, 23:08
[t]Pathogens in the Blood Supply[/t]
Tuesday, March 29, 2011 | 1:00 PM - 5:00 PM
The New York Academy of Sciences
Presented by the Emerging Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Discussion Group
Abstracts
Microbe Hunting
W. Ian Lipkin, MD, Columbia University
Recent advances in nucleic acid diagnostic methods have revolutionized microbiology by facilitating rapid, sensitive microbial surveillance and differential diagnosis of infectious diseases. Implementation of these methods may enable intervention when the prognosis is optimal for limiting replication, dissemination, transmission, morbidity and mortality. It may also reveal unappreciated links between infection and chronic diseases. In this lecture I will discuss mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis, routes to proving causation, and a staged strategy for surveillance and discovery. In reviewing the strengths and limitations of various analytical platforms, I will provide examples that illustrate how each platform can be used to investigate clinical problems.
Disease Associations of XMRV and MLV-Related Viruses
Judy A. Mikovits, PhD, Whittemore Peterson Institute for Neuro-Immune Disease
A new human retrovirus first associated with QQ variant RNaseL a gene in the hereditary prostate cancer gene locus, in prostate cancer in 2006. Detection of integration sites in unmanipulated prostate tissue; demonstration of neutralizing antibody and in situ hybridization for XMRV, supports XMRV as a human retroviral infection associated with prostate cancer. Although in the absence of direct sequencing it cannot be rule out the reactivity can be to related MLV viruses. In 2009 using a classical virology approach of viral isolation and transmission, electron micropscopy, serology and PCR, Lombardi et al demonstrated the first isolation of XMRV from blood from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) predominately from the west coast of the United States. In 2010, Lo et al. extended these studies by detecting nucleic acids of MLV-related variants in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of CFS from the northeastern United States suggesting additional strains capable of infecting humans exist. In a study of 300 CFS patients, 13developed lymphoproliferative disorders. Of those tested, 11/11 were positive for XMRV and 9/9 positive for clonalTCR gamma rearrangements. Spontaneous development of four immortalized B cells lines occurred during culture of cells from CFS patients. Three developed from B cells isolated from the peripheral blood (two of whom had B cell lymphoma) and one from a bone marrow biopsy. The B cell lineshave a mature CD20+, CD23+ phenotype and produce infectious XMRV. Virus production occurred despite extensive hypermutation of the proviruses in these cells by APOBEC3G. Therefore, XMRV infection may accelerate the development of B cell malignancies by either indirect chronic stimulation of the immune system and/or by direct infection of the B-cell lineage. Since viral load in peripheral blood is low, these data suggest that B cells in tissues such as spleen and lymph nodes could be an in vivo reservoir for XMRV. We have also identified an inflammatory cytokine and chemokine signature that distinguishes XMRV infected CFS patients from healthy controls with 94% sensitivity and specificity Monitoring immune dysfunction affords the opportunity to begin to understand the pathogenesis of XMRVs. In addition to these data, recent advances in developing tests for detection and characterization of XMRV–variants will be also be discussed
What’s next? Emerging Challenges to a Safe Blood Supply
Debra Kessler RN, MS, New York Blood Center
Blood borne pathogens of major concern in the last 40 years, predominantly HIV, HBV and HCV, have largely been addressed. New testing technologies for these viruses, including nucleic acid testing, have drastically reduced the risk of transfusion transmission. Yet new emerging infections, particularly those transmitted via insects, are increasing in the population. Infectious agents where testing is currently not available include those that cause Dengue fever and babesiosis. Approaches to protecting the blood supply from emerging threats, including creating new tests and pathogen inactivation, will be discussed. In addition I will offer some thoughts on whether we should test everyone for everything.
*Additional abstracts coming soon
fuente: The New York Academy of Sciences - http://www.nyas.org/Events/Detail.aspx? ... ade9c2a7aa" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
Tuesday, March 29, 2011 | 1:00 PM - 5:00 PM
The New York Academy of Sciences
Presented by the Emerging Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Discussion Group
Abstracts
Microbe Hunting
W. Ian Lipkin, MD, Columbia University
Recent advances in nucleic acid diagnostic methods have revolutionized microbiology by facilitating rapid, sensitive microbial surveillance and differential diagnosis of infectious diseases. Implementation of these methods may enable intervention when the prognosis is optimal for limiting replication, dissemination, transmission, morbidity and mortality. It may also reveal unappreciated links between infection and chronic diseases. In this lecture I will discuss mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis, routes to proving causation, and a staged strategy for surveillance and discovery. In reviewing the strengths and limitations of various analytical platforms, I will provide examples that illustrate how each platform can be used to investigate clinical problems.
Disease Associations of XMRV and MLV-Related Viruses
Judy A. Mikovits, PhD, Whittemore Peterson Institute for Neuro-Immune Disease
A new human retrovirus first associated with QQ variant RNaseL a gene in the hereditary prostate cancer gene locus, in prostate cancer in 2006. Detection of integration sites in unmanipulated prostate tissue; demonstration of neutralizing antibody and in situ hybridization for XMRV, supports XMRV as a human retroviral infection associated with prostate cancer. Although in the absence of direct sequencing it cannot be rule out the reactivity can be to related MLV viruses. In 2009 using a classical virology approach of viral isolation and transmission, electron micropscopy, serology and PCR, Lombardi et al demonstrated the first isolation of XMRV from blood from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) predominately from the west coast of the United States. In 2010, Lo et al. extended these studies by detecting nucleic acids of MLV-related variants in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of CFS from the northeastern United States suggesting additional strains capable of infecting humans exist. In a study of 300 CFS patients, 13developed lymphoproliferative disorders. Of those tested, 11/11 were positive for XMRV and 9/9 positive for clonalTCR gamma rearrangements. Spontaneous development of four immortalized B cells lines occurred during culture of cells from CFS patients. Three developed from B cells isolated from the peripheral blood (two of whom had B cell lymphoma) and one from a bone marrow biopsy. The B cell lineshave a mature CD20+, CD23+ phenotype and produce infectious XMRV. Virus production occurred despite extensive hypermutation of the proviruses in these cells by APOBEC3G. Therefore, XMRV infection may accelerate the development of B cell malignancies by either indirect chronic stimulation of the immune system and/or by direct infection of the B-cell lineage. Since viral load in peripheral blood is low, these data suggest that B cells in tissues such as spleen and lymph nodes could be an in vivo reservoir for XMRV. We have also identified an inflammatory cytokine and chemokine signature that distinguishes XMRV infected CFS patients from healthy controls with 94% sensitivity and specificity Monitoring immune dysfunction affords the opportunity to begin to understand the pathogenesis of XMRVs. In addition to these data, recent advances in developing tests for detection and characterization of XMRV–variants will be also be discussed
What’s next? Emerging Challenges to a Safe Blood Supply
Debra Kessler RN, MS, New York Blood Center
Blood borne pathogens of major concern in the last 40 years, predominantly HIV, HBV and HCV, have largely been addressed. New testing technologies for these viruses, including nucleic acid testing, have drastically reduced the risk of transfusion transmission. Yet new emerging infections, particularly those transmitted via insects, are increasing in the population. Infectious agents where testing is currently not available include those that cause Dengue fever and babesiosis. Approaches to protecting the blood supply from emerging threats, including creating new tests and pathogen inactivation, will be discussed. In addition I will offer some thoughts on whether we should test everyone for everything.
*Additional abstracts coming soon
fuente: The New York Academy of Sciences - http://www.nyas.org/Events/Detail.aspx? ... ade9c2a7aa" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;